Thursday, August 6, 2015

How to Use a Tabletop Scanner as a Camera

How to Use a Tabletop Scanner as a Camera

Years ago I had the privilege of working with Joseph Scheer of Alfred University on the startup of their Institute for Electronic Arts. You may recall his work with moths and butterflies for "National Geographic" (you can view and purchase his outstanding works by visiting the link in Resources below). Dr. Scheer was the first person that I knew to use a simple flatbed scanner as a camera. The scanner can be used as a camera to scan any thin, transparent object. In Scheer's work, nature is the art. However, you can just as easily use the scanned objects as sources for artistic creation with an image editing tool. In this article I will provide the basics and some examples--and to get inspired--take a gander at the works of Joseph Scheer.

Instructions

    1
    Leaf

    Before you begin, clean the scanner glass and clean in between scans to make sure you don't scan artifacts into the image. Set the scan resolution to the highest possible one, which will allow you to crop the image later if needed. This is a scan of a houseplant leaf. The unique light source provides details and colors you may not have noticed in the original. This is especially true in Scheer's moths.

    2
    Noodles

    Even something simple like spaghetti takes on a unique look and feel when scanned. You can see that the noodle on the far left appears almost translucent, while the spaghetti that is piled up in the center has a different color, since not as much light can pass through. You can use this effect to create different textures with transparent objects.

    3
    Fabric

    You can scan fabrics, which can then be used as backgrounds for other images or even websites. Color silks and satins will take on new looks when scanned. You can also scan other objects using fabric as a background. Make sure that the fabric is taut and that other objects will not wrinkle it during scanning.

    4
    Pine Branch

    This is a scan of a pine branch. Hard as I tried, I could not eliminate the shadow on the left due to the thickness of the branch. You can use books or other weighted objects to hold down the scanner platen; however, that did not work in this case.

    5
    Final Image

    Since I couldn't eliminate the shadow, I decided to use it instead. Scanned objects are fun to use with image editing programs to create new art. In this case I inverted the HSL map and adjusted the color and luminosity to alter the entire image. I like this more than the poorly scanned original. Your creativity is your only limitation. When spring is coming, get ready to photograph your blooms and see them in a new light.


How to Use a Tabletop Scanner as a Camera

Years ago I had the privilege of working with Joseph Scheer of Alfred University on the startup of their Institute for Electronic Arts. You may recall his work with moths and butterflies for "National Geographic" (you can view and purchase his outstanding works by visiting the link in Resources below). Dr. Scheer was the first person that I knew to use a simple flatbed scanner as a camera. The scanner can be used as a camera to scan any thin, transparent object. In Scheer's work, nature is the art. However, you can just as easily use the scanned objects as sources for artistic creation with an image editing tool. In this article I will provide the basics and some examples--and to get inspired--take a gander at the works of Joseph Scheer.

Instructions

    1
    Leaf

    Before you begin, clean the scanner glass and clean in between scans to make sure you don't scan artifacts into the image.

    Enhance your photography skill,The Top Secret Photography Techniques

    . Set the scan resolution to the highest possible one, which will allow you to crop the image later if needed. This is a scan of a houseplant leaf. The unique light source provides details and colors you may not have noticed in the original. This is especially true in Scheer's moths.

    2
    Noodles

    Even something simple like spaghetti takes on a unique look and feel when scanned. You can see that the noodle on the far left appears almost translucent, while the spaghetti that is piled up in the center has a different color, since not as much light can pass through. You can use this effect to create different textures with transparent objects.

    3
    Fabric

    You can scan fabrics, which can then be used as backgrounds for other images or even websites. Color silks and satins will take on new looks when scanned. You can also scan other objects using fabric as a background. Make sure that the fabric is taut and that other objects will not wrinkle it during scanning.

    4
    Pine Branch

    This is a scan of a pine branch. Hard as I tried, I could not eliminate the shadow on the left due to the thickness of the branch. You can use books or other weighted objects to hold down the scanner platen; however, that did not work in this case.

    5
    Final Image

    Since I couldn't eliminate the shadow, I decided to use it instead. Scanned objects are fun to use with image editing programs to create new art. In this case I inverted the HSL map and adjusted the color and luminosity to alter the entire image. I like this more than the poorly scanned original. Your creativity is your only limitation. When spring is coming, get ready to photograph your blooms and see them in a new light.



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Tuesday, August 4, 2015

The Average Earnings of a Portrait Photographer

The Average Earnings of a Portrait Photographer

People go to portrait studios or hire portrait photographers to have pictures taken of themselves or their families, or both. The average earnings of a portrait photographer is around $29,000 per year. Some photographers, however, can earn as much as $60,000 and as low as $16,000 per year. The different salary ranges are dependent on a photographer's training and experience, whether they work for a studio or on their own and their level of skill.

Department Store Portrait Studios

    Many large chain department stores have areas set aside within the store to take portraits. Many photographers working in a department studio start out as novice photographers, who are trained by the studio managers. Since many of the photographers hired by a department store studio have little to no experience with portrait photography, they often fall on the lower end of the median salary range.

High End Portrait Studios

    High-end portrait studios provide many of the same services as a department store studio but often employ photographers with more experience and a higher skill level. They may also offer more specialized services such as outdoor portraits, glamor portraits and fashion or modeling head shots. A photographer may earn more working with a high-end portrait studio, often working on commission with pressure to sell as many sessions and portraits as possible.

Specialty Portrait Studios

    Instead of providing a range of portrait photography, some portrait studios specialize in one or two areas of portraiture. School portrait studios contract with school districts and send photographers to the schools to take individual pictures of the students. Some hospitals contract with studios that specialize in taking pictures of newborn babies. The salary of a photographer working with a specialty studio depends on the skill level and experience required and how much work each session requires.

Wedding Photography

    One of the highest grossing areas of photography, wedding photography, requires highly trained and skilled photographers to photograph wedding ceremonies, receptions and special portraits of the bride, groom, wedding party and family. A wedding photographer must ensure that every picture taken looks good and that every moment of the wedding is covered. Salaries for wedding photographers are on the higher end of the average portrait photographer earnings, but some can earn as much as six figures per year.

Self Employed Photographers

    A self-employed portrait photographer is not affiliated with any studio or company, choosing independence and creative freedom. A self-employed portrait photographer's salary fluctuates depending on the amount of work he or she can find, the cost of maintaining equipment and other incidentals such as insurance, travel costs and printing supplies. A studio photographer may only be paid a fraction of what a session may cost the consumer, while the self-employed photographer gets 100 percent of the session fee.

The Portrait Photography Industry

    Portrait photography can be a lucrative and profitable area of photography that allows photographers to earn money doing something they enjoy. However, it is an industry that fluctuates significantly depending on the economy and demand for portraiture. Salary ranges also vary depending on the skill of the photographer as well as the location of the studio and amount of revenue generated.


The Average Earnings of a Portrait Photographer

People go to portrait studios or hire portrait photographers to have pictures taken of themselves or their families, or both. The average earnings of a portrait photographer is around $29,000 per year. Some photographers, however, can earn as much as $60,000 and as low as $16,000 per year. The different salary ranges are dependent on a photographer's training and experience, whether they work for a studio or on their own and their level of skill.

Department Store Portrait Studios

    Many large chain department stores have areas set aside within the store to take portraits. Many photographers working in a department studio start out as novice photographers, who are trained by the studio managers. Since many of the photographers hired by a department store studio have little to no experience with portrait photography, they often fall on the lower end of the median salary range.

High End Portrait Studios

    High-end portrait studios provide many of the same services as a department store studio but often employ photographers with more experience and a higher skill level. They may also offer more specialized services such as outdoor portraits, glamor portraits and fashion or modeling head shots. A photographer may earn more working with a high-end portrait studio, often working on commission with pressure to sell as many sessions and portraits as possible.

Specialty Portrait Studios

    Instead of providing a range of portrait photography, some portrait studios specialize in one or two areas of portraiture. School portrait studios contract with school districts and send photographers to the schools to take individual pictures of the students. Some hospitals contract with studios that specialize in taking pictures of newborn babies. The salary of a photographer working with a specialty studio depends on the skill level and experience required and how much work each session requires.

Wedding Photography

    One of the highest grossing areas of photography, wedding photography, requires highly trained and skilled photographers to photograph wedding ceremonies, receptions and special portraits of the bride, groom, wedding party and family. A wedding photographer must ensure that every picture taken looks good and that every moment of the wedding is covered. Salaries for wedding photographers are on the higher end of the average portrait photographer earnings, but some can earn as much as six figures per year.

Self Employed Photographers

    A self-employed portrait photographer is not affiliated with any studio or company, choosing independence and creative freedom. A self-employed portrait photographer's salary fluctuates depending on the amount of work he or she can find, the cost of maintaining equipment and other incidentals such as insurance, travel costs and printing supplies. A studio photographer may only be paid a fraction of what a session may cost the consumer, while the self-employed photographer gets 100 percent of the session fee.

The Portrait Photography Industry

    Portrait photography can be a lucrative and profitable area of photography that allows photographers to earn money doing something they enjoy. However, it is an industry that fluctuates significantly depending on the economy and demand for portraiture. Salary ranges also vary depending on the skill of the photographer as well as the location of the studio and amount of revenue generated.



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How to Donate Cameras for Kids

Photography equipment is expensive, and some children who want to take photography classes might not be able to do so because they can't afford a camera. If you have cameras you no longer use--perhaps because you have switched from film to digital photography or you have upgraded your equipment--consider donating your old cameras and equipment to a school where it will be used and appreciated.

Instructions

Donate Your Cameras

    1

    Find a school or program in your area that offers photography classes for kids. The public school system might need more cameras for its students to use. Organizations such as the YMCA or the Boys & Girls Clubs of America also offer programs in the arts. The Boys & Girls Clubs organization offers a photography program called ImageMakers that encourages kids to express themselves through photography. Participants can enter a contest to have their work displayed.

    2

    Call the school or program to find out where you should take the cameras and who will be receiving them. Deliver the cameras in person and get a receipt that shows, if possible, the value of the camera.

    3

    If you want to deduct your contributions from your income tax, you must itemize them on Form 1040, Schedule A. You will be able to deduct the market value of the cameras.


Photography equipment is expensive, and some children who want to take photography classes might not be able to do so because they can't afford a camera. If you have cameras you no longer use--perhaps because you have switched from film to digital photography or you have upgraded your equipment--consider donating your old cameras and equipment to a school where it will be used and appreciated.

Instructions

Donate Your Cameras

    1

    Find a school or program in your area that offers photography classes for kids. The public school system might need more cameras for its students to use. Organizations such as the YMCA or the Boys & Girls Clubs of America also offer programs in the arts. The Boys & Girls Clubs organization offers a photography program called ImageMakers that encourages kids to express themselves through photography. Participants can enter a contest to have their work displayed.

    2

    Call the school or program to find out where you should take the cameras and who will be receiving them. Deliver the cameras in person and get a receipt that shows, if possible, the value of the camera.

    3

    If you want to deduct your contributions from your income tax, you must itemize them on Form 1040, Schedule A.

    Enhance your photography skill,The Top Secret Photography Techniques

    . You will be able to deduct the market value of the cameras.



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Sunday, August 2, 2015

How to Scan Old Camera Negatives

How to Scan Old Camera Negatives

Camera film negatives can be integrated into the digital imagery world using a variety of negative scanners. Negatives vary in size and format and many flatbed scanners accept a variety of formats using special negative adapters. Scanning these negatives allows photographers to utilize the technology of older cameras and integrate their work into the digital world of photography.

Instructions

    1

    Install a scanner on your computer that will accept the proper negative format from your camera. Many older cameras use a 35 mm format or a 120 format, but larger 8 x 10 inch negatives are not uncommon with older cameras. Purchasing the scanner with appropriate film adapters requires research regarding film types to be scanned, processing power of your computer and the data storage space on your computer. A 120 film is wider than your traditional 35 mm film, and the scanner models description will indicate if the appropriate adapters are available for the scanner in question. Your computer should have a minimum of one gigabyte of RAM to ensure that the processing speed of your computer can operate the scanner effectively and should have at least ten gigabytes of hard drive space available for your scans. If space is an issue, invest in a small external hard drive and transfer the images to this drive once they are scanned in the hard drive. Image scans can be as large as 50 MB or more, and quickly consume data storage space on your computer. Follow your scanner's instructions for installation and access the online user guides if problems arise.

    2

    Turn the scanner on, once installed, and wait for the scanner's dialogue box to appear. This box should open upon turning on the scanner and will allow you to designate the image size, dimensions, file format and final destination of the image. Scan your image file at the largest possible output size and highest resolution possible. For example, if you plan to create an enlargement of your image, set the output dimensions to the appropriate size, such as 8 x 12 inches or 16 x 20 inches, and use an image resolution of 300 dpi or higher. The image resolution is the amount of data present in visible aspect of the digital image. If the image DPI, or dots per inch, is too small, the image will print with small squares and distortions as there is not enough data to fill the enlargement space.

    3

    Set the scanner to negative scan, particularly if using a flatbed scanner that also scans paper documents and slide film, which uses a reflective scan setting. An adapter is necessary for negatives with this type of scanner--and if the image is not set to negative scan, the image will scan improperly.

    4

    Place the negative gently in the negative carrier and place the carrier into the scanner or onto the flatbed scanner, depending on your scanner type and press the scan button. Use gloves--thin white photographic cloth gloves are ideal--as oils from your hands can cause permanent damage to negatives, and older negatives are particularly fragile. Brush the negatives with a photographic, static brush which will remove dust in a safe manner prior to scanning. Certain scanners have a "digital ice" function which removes dust during scanning but is not always accurate. Dust removal can also be achieved using a photo editing program but can be time consuming to execute.

    5

    Save the file to the proper folder and transfer the images to your external hard drive once the folder contains a certain number of images. Backing up your images on an external data device ensures that your images are safe if your computer hard drive crashes.


How to Scan Old Camera Negatives

Camera film negatives can be integrated into the digital imagery world using a variety of negative scanners. Negatives vary in size and format and many flatbed scanners accept a variety of formats using special negative adapters. Scanning these negatives allows photographers to utilize the technology of older cameras and integrate their work into the digital world of photography.

Instructions

    1

    Install a scanner on your computer that will accept the proper negative format from your camera. Many older cameras use a 35 mm format or a 120 format, but larger 8 x 10 inch negatives are not uncommon with older cameras. Purchasing the scanner with appropriate film adapters requires research regarding film types to be scanned, processing power of your computer and the data storage space on your computer. A 120 film is wider than your traditional 35 mm film, and the scanner models description will indicate if the appropriate adapters are available for the scanner in question. Your computer should have a minimum of one gigabyte of RAM to ensure that the processing speed of your computer can operate the scanner effectively and should have at least ten gigabytes of hard drive space available for your scans. If space is an issue, invest in a small external hard drive and transfer the images to this drive once they are scanned in the hard drive. Image scans can be as large as 50 MB or more, and quickly consume data storage space on your computer. Follow your scanner's instructions for installation and access the online user guides if problems arise.

    2

    Turn the scanner on, once installed, and wait for the scanner's dialogue box to appear. This box should open upon turning on the scanner and will allow you to designate the image size, dimensions, file format and final destination of the image. Scan your image file at the largest possible output size and highest resolution possible. For example, if you plan to create an enlargement of your image, set the output dimensions to the appropriate size, such as 8 x 12 inches or 16 x 20 inches, and use an image resolution of 300 dpi or higher. The image resolution is the amount of data present in visible aspect of the digital image. If the image DPI, or dots per inch, is too small, the image will print with small squares and distortions as there is not enough data to fill the enlargement space.

    3

    Set the scanner to negative scan, particularly if using a flatbed scanner that also scans paper documents and slide film, which uses a reflective scan setting.

    Enhance your photography skill,The Top Secret Photography Techniques

    . An adapter is necessary for negatives with this type of scanner--and if the image is not set to negative scan, the image will scan improperly.

    4

    Place the negative gently in the negative carrier and place the carrier into the scanner or onto the flatbed scanner, depending on your scanner type and press the scan button. Use gloves--thin white photographic cloth gloves are ideal--as oils from your hands can cause permanent damage to negatives, and older negatives are particularly fragile. Brush the negatives with a photographic, static brush which will remove dust in a safe manner prior to scanning. Certain scanners have a "digital ice" function which removes dust during scanning but is not always accurate. Dust removal can also be achieved using a photo editing program but can be time consuming to execute.

    5

    Save the file to the proper folder and transfer the images to your external hard drive once the folder contains a certain number of images. Backing up your images on an external data device ensures that your images are safe if your computer hard drive crashes.



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Saturday, August 1, 2015

How to Become a Postcard Photographer

How to Become a Postcard Photographer

Being a postcard photographer is about more than just taking a pretty picture. It's about capturing the essence of a place. People buy postcards for several reasons, but the main purpose of a postcard is to show off their great vacation. It's important to take shots that present whatever you're photographing in the most flattering and welcoming way possible. There is an art to achieving this. Observe and photograph the destination at all times of day if possible. Decipher the best angles and lighting for the location. Once you've mastered that art, you will soon become a postcard photographer on a professional basis.

Instructions

    1

    Learn the basics of photography.There is always an art to photography. Some photographs fall more into the creative side of the spectrum, and some fall into the more commercial side. Postcard photography is fairly commercial, and that means you will probably be following the rules of photography more than you will be breaking them. "Understanding Exposure" by Bryan Peterson is a great book for learning more about photography. There are also many, many websites dedicated to photography, but you will want to focus on ones that are geared more toward landscapes and architecture. Those types of shots are the "bread and butter" of postcard photography. Links to these sites can be found in the Resources section.

    2

    Practice. Practice, practice, practice. This can't be said enough. The best way to learn postcard photography is to do it. Keep practicing until you learn how to find the right angle and get the right shot. In general, most of your photography will probably take place in the early morning or early evening. This is because that is when the light is most flattering, but there are instances when you will want more direct sunlight or even a night shot.

    3

    Create a portfolio book. Gather your best work, highlighting a variety of scenes and objects, and place it into a portfolio. Every shot included in the portfolio should be a great shot. Even if you end up with fewer images in your portfolio than you'd like, resist the urge to include only "average" shots in your portfolio. You can find books suitable for a portfolio at office supply stores, art supply stores and some photography supply stores. Unless you have a very defined style and/or logo, it's best to stick with basic black for your book and pages. Simply use self-stick photo corners to hold your photos to the page.

    4

    Create an online portfolio. There is still some debate as to whether an online portfolio is absolutely necessary. While you can find work and get started as a postcard photographer without an online portfolio, it is advantageous to have one if you have the financial ability. A single page is sufficient. The idea is simply to show off your very best postcard photographs.

    5

    Submit your work to printers and publishers. Contact local and national printers and publishers. Submit your portfolio to many. Try to arrange appointments with local printers so you can show off your portfolio. It's always best to seek work in person.

    6

    Drum up freelance business by offering your services to local businesses. Tourist businesses may be interested in selling postcards of their unique items, or even their own customized postcards of popular attractions in the area. Other businesses may be interested in promotional postcards to send to clients.

    7

    Keep trying. Rejection is common at first, but you will win if you stay in the game.


How to Become a Postcard Photographer

Being a postcard photographer is about more than just taking a pretty picture. It's about capturing the essence of a place. People buy postcards for several reasons, but the main purpose of a postcard is to show off their great vacation. It's important to take shots that present whatever you're photographing in the most flattering and welcoming way possible. There is an art to achieving this. Observe and photograph the destination at all times of day if possible. Decipher the best angles and lighting for the location. Once you've mastered that art, you will soon become a postcard photographer on a professional basis.

Instructions

    1

    Learn the basics of photography.There is always an art to photography. Some photographs fall more into the creative side of the spectrum, and some fall into the more commercial side. Postcard photography is fairly commercial, and that means you will probably be following the rules of photography more than you will be breaking them. "Understanding Exposure" by Bryan Peterson is a great book for learning more about photography. There are also many, many websites dedicated to photography, but you will want to focus on ones that are geared more toward landscapes and architecture. Those types of shots are the "bread and butter" of postcard photography. Links to these sites can be found in the Resources section.

    2

    Practice. Practice, practice, practice. This can't be said enough. The best way to learn postcard photography is to do it. Keep practicing until you learn how to find the right angle and get the right shot. In general, most of your photography will probably take place in the early morning or early evening. This is because that is when the light is most flattering, but there are instances when you will want more direct sunlight or even a night shot.

    3

    Create a portfolio book. Gather your best work, highlighting a variety of scenes and objects, and place it into a portfolio. Every shot included in the portfolio should be a great shot. Even if you end up with fewer images in your portfolio than you'd like, resist the urge to include only "average" shots in your portfolio. You can find books suitable for a portfolio at office supply stores, art supply stores and some photography supply stores.

    Enhance your photography skill,The Top Secret Photography Techniques

    . Unless you have a very defined style and/or logo, it's best to stick with basic black for your book and pages. Simply use self-stick photo corners to hold your photos to the page.

    4

    Create an online portfolio. There is still some debate as to whether an online portfolio is absolutely necessary. While you can find work and get started as a postcard photographer without an online portfolio, it is advantageous to have one if you have the financial ability. A single page is sufficient. The idea is simply to show off your very best postcard photographs.

    5

    Submit your work to printers and publishers. Contact local and national printers and publishers. Submit your portfolio to many. Try to arrange appointments with local printers so you can show off your portfolio. It's always best to seek work in person.

    6

    Drum up freelance business by offering your services to local businesses. Tourist businesses may be interested in selling postcards of their unique items, or even their own customized postcards of popular attractions in the area. Other businesses may be interested in promotional postcards to send to clients.

    7

    Keep trying. Rejection is common at first, but you will win if you stay in the game.



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