Three-point lighting is an arrangement of studio lighting that serves as the basis for virtually any visual medium requiring artificial lighting. The main, fill and back lights are manipulated to create a wide range of effects used in still photography, videography and film making. Different types of light are used, depending on both the subject and the media.
Still Photography
Still photography predates movies, videos and even electric lights themselves. Early photography studios made use of sunlight, adding mirrors and reflectors to manipulate it. The principles of three-point lighting were developed then. Incandescent lights were used widely, once available, but the advent of color film turned studio lighting toward flash units, which more closely approximated daylight, for which color film was balanced. Flashes still dominate, however digital cameras are easy to balance to other sources. Popular flash manufacturers include Bowen, Elinchrome and Speedotron.
Videography
Video and movie lighting have much in common, however mounted lights are found on video cameras. These can often be put into use in a three-point system as a fill light source. LEDs are increasingly popular as a light source, particularly in this application, and manufacturers include Manfrotto and Sony. Bescor makes traditional light sources for camera mounting. Otherwise, three-point lighting systems suitable for video are suitable for movie and still photography as well.
Cinematography
Lines of technology are blurring increasingly with video, as high definition video can give the detailed look of conventional film stock. When it comes to the practical act of lighting large sets, the principles of three-point lighting may get blurred, as many individual lights are used, not unlike a stage production. However, when considering actors moving through a scene, the same basic techniques apply, for the look of lighting on a face is expected to be similar in all three media. B&M, LTM and Desisti are three manufacturers of conventional lighting equipment.
Fluorescent Lighting
Because of the heat given off by incandescent sources, fluorescent lights have gained popularity in multi-light situations. The inability to dim was long a disadvantage of fluorescent bulbs, however that has been addressed, and the large, soft area of illumination is a natural for many applications, particularly main and fill lights, but use as a broad back light is also a good fit.
Alternatives
Photographers will often speak of fill light in terms of reflectors, particularly when using available light, such as daylight coming from a window. In this case, three-point lighting can apply, in the absence of artificial light. The direct light from the window becomes the main light on the subject. A white card or similar item placed on the opposite side reflects back to the subject to provide fill. Light from the window also illuminates the background so the job of back light is filled. Even in artificial light situations, one light can perform multiple purposes with reflectors and overspill.
Three-point lighting is an arrangement of studio lighting that serves as the basis for virtually any visual medium requiring artificial lighting. The main, fill and back lights are manipulated to create a wide range of effects used in still photography, videography and film making. Different types of light are used, depending on both the subject and the media.
Still Photography
Still photography predates movies, videos and even electric lights themselves. Early photography studios made use of sunlight, adding mirrors and reflectors to manipulate it. The principles of three-point lighting were developed then. Incandescent lights were used widely, once available, but the advent of color film turned studio lighting toward flash units, which more closely approximated daylight, for which color film was balanced. Flashes still dominate, however digital cameras are easy to balance to other sources. Popular flash manufacturers include Bowen, Elinchrome and Speedotron.
Videography
Video and movie lighting have much in common, however mounted lights are found on video cameras. These can often be put into use in a three-point system as a fill light source. LEDs are increasingly popular as a light source, particularly in this application, and manufacturers include Manfrotto and Sony. Bescor makes traditional light sources for camera mounting. Otherwise, three-point lighting systems suitable for video are suitable for movie and still photography as well.
Cinematography
Lines of technology are blurring increasingly with video, as high definition video can give the detailed look of conventional film stock. When it comes to the practical act of lighting large sets, the principles of three-point lighting may get blurred, as many individual lights are used, not unlike a stage production. However, when considering actors moving through a scene, the same basic techniques apply, for the look of lighting on a face is expected to be similar in all three media. B&M, LTM and Desisti are three manufacturers of conventional lighting equipment.
Fluorescent Lighting
Because of the heat given off by incandescent sources, fluorescent lights have gained popularity in multi-light situations. The inability to dim was long a disadvantage of fluorescent bulbs, however that has been addressed, and the large, soft area of illumination is a natural for many applications, particularly main and fill lights, but use as a broad back light is also a good fit.
Alternatives
Photographers will often speak of fill light in terms of reflectors, particularly when using available light, such as daylight coming from a window. In this case, three-point lighting can apply, in the absence of artificial light. The direct light from the window becomes the main light on the subject. A white card or similar item placed on the opposite side reflects back to the subject to provide fill. Light from the window also illuminates the background so the job of back light is filled. Even in artificial light situations, one light can perform multiple purposes with reflectors and overspill.
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