The camera always tells the truth, but the photographer might fudge a little -- or a lot. Photo editing is a vital part of the photographic process, and, at its most basic, simply makes photographs look better. There are many reasons to edit photos, however, and you can't always trust what you see.
Correcting Lighting and Flaws
Ideally, your photos would be taken under perfect lighting conditions, but unless you shoot in a studio exclusively, lighting is rarely just right. Photo editing can help by adding or removing brightness, balancing the colors and by adding more or less exposure to certain parts of the photo using a technique called dodging and burning. The darkroom technique, also used in photo editing programs, can bring out detail or lighten in one part of the photo without changing the rest. The notorious "red eye," caused by the camera's flash, can also be corrected with photo editing, as can flaws and blemishes on a person's skin.
Balancing Color
With any kind of photo editing, color can be manipulated and enhanced. You can take a somewhat drab photo and increase the intensity of the colors for a more dramatic look. Photos taken under incandescent light will have a yellow cast to them, which can be balanced by adding cyan or blue to the hue. Colors can be changed, added and removed with digital photo editing -- you can turn a color photo black-and-white, then re-color it any way you like, for example, or you can adjust the color of a sunset to change it from orange to purple.
Improving the Composition
Great photographers compose photos in the viewfinder, but even great photographers have to crop sometimes. Cropping can dramatically change a photo, both visually and contextually. In many cases, it simply tightens the image or cuts off an extraneous object at the edge of the picture. Photos might be cropped to alter the story -- for example a photo of a celebrity shopping with an entourage of security and assistant tells a different story than the same photo would with the entourage cropped out.
Meeting Editorial Guidelines
Sometimes photos are altered in size and cropped simply to adhere to editorial guidelines regarding photo size. In such cases, the person editing the photo may not be the photographer or owner of the photo, but they are altering the picture within the terms of use.
Manipulation
Photos may also be dramatically altered and manipulated for artistic or humor purposes, or to mislead the viewer of the photograph. While photomanipulation is often clearly labeled as such, out of context or without explanation it can be passed off as real, at which point the manipulation becomes a hoax. Photo editing hoaxes are very common on the Internet and less common in photojournalism, though it can happen on any level.
The camera always tells the truth, but the photographer might fudge a little -- or a lot. Photo editing is a vital part of the photographic process, and, at its most basic, simply makes photographs look better. There are many reasons to edit photos, however, and you can't always trust what you see.
Correcting Lighting and Flaws
Ideally, your photos would be taken under perfect lighting conditions, but unless you shoot in a studio exclusively, lighting is rarely just right. Photo editing can help by adding or removing brightness, balancing the colors and by adding more or less exposure to certain parts of the photo using a technique called dodging and burning. The darkroom technique, also used in photo editing programs, can bring out detail or lighten in one part of the photo without changing the rest. The notorious "red eye," caused by the camera's flash, can also be corrected with photo editing, as can flaws and blemishes on a person's skin.
Balancing Color
With any kind of photo editing, color can be manipulated and enhanced. You can take a somewhat drab photo and increase the intensity of the colors for a more dramatic look. Photos taken under incandescent light will have a yellow cast to them, which can be balanced by adding cyan or blue to the hue. Colors can be changed, added and removed with digital photo editing -- you can turn a color photo black-and-white, then re-color it any way you like, for example, or you can adjust the color of a sunset to change it from orange to purple.
Improving the Composition
Great photographers compose photos in the viewfinder, but even great photographers have to crop sometimes. Cropping can dramatically change a photo, both visually and contextually. In many cases, it simply tightens the image or cuts off an extraneous object at the edge of the picture. Photos might be cropped to alter the story -- for example a photo of a celebrity shopping with an entourage of security and assistant tells a different story than the same photo would with the entourage cropped out.
Meeting Editorial Guidelines
Sometimes photos are altered in size and cropped simply to adhere to editorial guidelines regarding photo size. In such cases, the person editing the photo may not be the photographer or owner of the photo, but they are altering the picture within the terms of use.
Manipulation
Photos may also be dramatically altered and manipulated for artistic or humor purposes, or to mislead the viewer of the photograph. While photomanipulation is often clearly labeled as such, out of context or without explanation it can be passed off as real, at which point the manipulation becomes a hoax. Photo editing hoaxes are very common on the Internet and less common in photojournalism, though it can happen on any level.
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