Modern medium format single lens reflex (SLR) cameras use either film in 120/220 format or a medium format digital back. All SLRs consist of a lens, shutter mechanism and mirror that projects the image taken in from the lens onto a focusing screen or through a focusing prism. Some SLRs use lenses with independent shutters, called leaf shutters, while others use a shutter just in front of the mirror called a focal plane shutter. There are a few basics that apply to most medium format SLRs that you will need to know before you can take photos.
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Many medium format SLRs make use of interchangeable backs. This system allows users to switch which film stock they want to shoot without having to finish the roll already in the back. Many SLRs with interchangeable backs can accommodate the latest digital technology. Other medium format SLRs do not have interchangeable backs. To load a medium format SLR with film, place an empty spool in the take-up side of the film chamber, then place a fresh roll of film in the opposite receiver and thread the backing paper through the slot in the middle of the take-up spool and wind the film on until the arrow on the backing paper is in line with indicator in the film chamber. Close the film chamber, or the film back, and wind the film on until the counter reaches 1. You are now ready to shoot.
Shooting
If your SLR uses interchangeable backs, remove the dark slide from the film back to shoot. Check that any shutter locks are disengaged. For best results, medium format SLRs should be mounted on a sturdy tripod. To avoid camera shake, use the mirror pre-release function on your camera and a cable release to fire the shutter. Focus on the subject through either a prism viewfinder or a waist level viewfinder and meter the scene using the on-board meter, if your SLR has this feature, or a handheld light meter before engaging the shutter and taking the photo. After the shot, wind the SLR film to the next frame and cock the shutter. Many SLRs integrate this step, such as the Hasselblad V-System and the Mamiya 645 system, allowing you to advance the frame and cock the shutter in one step. Some SLRs, namely the Mamiya RB67, require the user to cock the shutter and advance the frame independently.
Power
The Mamiya RB67 and the Hasselblad V-System operate without the use of batteries. However, other medium format SLRs, such as the Mamiya 645 and the Pentax 67, require a 6-volt battery to power onboard light meters and the electronically synchronized shutter. Check that your SLR has a fresh battery before you head out on a shoot.
Lenses
Medium format SLRs make use of interchangeable lenses. Due to the increase in size of the negative, medium format SLRs typically use longer focal length lenses than 35 mm SLRs to give an equivalent field of view. For example, an 80 mm lens on a 6-by-6 cm SLR such as a Hasselblad 500CM gives a field of view most similar to a 50 mm lens on a standard 35 mm camera. For subjects that require a wide-angle lens, you may wish to use a lens with a shorter focal length than 80 mm for square format, or 90 mm for 6-by-7 format. Extreme telephoto lenses also are available for medium format SLR systems such as the Pentax 67.
Modern medium format single lens reflex (SLR) cameras use either film in 120/220 format or a medium format digital back. All SLRs consist of a lens, shutter mechanism and mirror that projects the image taken in from the lens onto a focusing screen or through a focusing prism. Some SLRs use lenses with independent shutters, called leaf shutters, while others use a shutter just in front of the mirror called a focal plane shutter. There are a few basics that apply to most medium format SLRs that you will need to know before you can take photos.
Loading
Many medium format SLRs make use of interchangeable backs. This system allows users to switch which film stock they want to shoot without having to finish the roll already in the back. Many SLRs with interchangeable backs can accommodate the latest digital technology. Other medium format SLRs do not have interchangeable backs. To load a medium format SLR with film, place an empty spool in the take-up side of the film chamber, then place a fresh roll of film in the opposite receiver and thread the backing paper through the slot in the middle of the take-up spool and wind the film on until the arrow on the backing paper is in line with indicator in the film chamber. Close the film chamber, or the film back, and wind the film on until the counter reaches 1. You are now ready to shoot.
Shooting
If your SLR uses interchangeable backs, remove the dark slide from the film back to shoot. Check that any shutter locks are disengaged. For best results, medium format SLRs should be mounted on a sturdy tripod. To avoid camera shake, use the mirror pre-release function on your camera and a cable release to fire the shutter. Focus on the subject through either a prism viewfinder or a waist level viewfinder and meter the scene using the on-board meter, if your SLR has this feature, or a handheld light meter before engaging the shutter and taking the photo. After the shot, wind the SLR film to the next frame and cock the shutter. Many SLRs integrate this step, such as the Hasselblad V-System and the Mamiya 645 system, allowing you to advance the frame and cock the shutter in one step. Some SLRs, namely the Mamiya RB67, require the user to cock the shutter and advance the frame independently.
Power
The Mamiya RB67 and the Hasselblad V-System operate without the use of batteries. However, other medium format SLRs, such as the Mamiya 645 and the Pentax 67, require a 6-volt battery to power onboard light meters and the electronically synchronized shutter. Check that your SLR has a fresh battery before you head out on a shoot.
Lenses
Medium format SLRs make use of interchangeable lenses. Due to the increase in size of the negative, medium format SLRs typically use longer focal length lenses than 35 mm SLRs to give an equivalent field of view. For example, an 80 mm lens on a 6-by-6 cm SLR such as a Hasselblad 500CM gives a field of view most similar to a 50 mm lens on a standard 35 mm camera. For subjects that require a wide-angle lens, you may wish to use a lens with a shorter focal length than 80 mm for square format, or 90 mm for 6-by-7 format. Extreme telephoto lenses also are available for medium format SLR systems such as the Pentax 67.
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