Developing your own rolls of color or black-and-white film has always been intriguing to artists and hobbyists. The smell of the chemicals, the magic of unwinding a wet roll of freshly developed negatives and the satisfaction of seeing a photography project come to life one frame at a time are among the reasons why people buy chemicals to develop camera film.
Water
The first step in processing film involves water, the universal solvent. A short pre-soak in water rinses and lubricates the film emulsion so it can accept the developer.
Developer
Mixed with water, developer is available in both power and liquid concentrates. Common ingredients in developer include borax, hydroquinone, metol, sodium sulphite and water. The film processing canister is filled with developer and rhythmically agitated to convert silver salts to metallic silver on the exposed roll of film. After a prescribed amount of time (which varies depending on film type, chemical temperature and dilution), the developer is drained from the film canister and washed down a sink drain.
Stop Bath
An acid-based chemical, known as stop bath, is used to stop the chemical reactions of the developer. Made of citric acid or acetic acid, this chemical is very diluted. Some photographers will forgo the use of stop bath and use clear, temperature-regulated water (which varies depending on film type) for this step in film development.
Fixer
The next chemical used in the developing process is sodium thiosulfate or ammonium thiosulfate, which is more commonly known as fixer. Some varieties of fixer can be used for both film negative developing and print making. This chemical dissolves the unexposed portions of silver salts, leaving behind only the metallic silver.
Clearing Agent
Once the film has been developed, a chemical clearing agent removes the fixer and its byproducts. The clearing agent includes a mixture of water and sodium bisulfite, sodium citrate, sodium sulfite or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tetrasodium. This chemical can also be called a wetting agent, as it helps reduce the build-up of water spots on the film when it dries.
Developing your own rolls of color or black-and-white film has always been intriguing to artists and hobbyists. The smell of the chemicals, the magic of unwinding a wet roll of freshly developed negatives and the satisfaction of seeing a photography project come to life one frame at a time are among the reasons why people buy chemicals to develop camera film.
Water
The first step in processing film involves water, the universal solvent. A short pre-soak in water rinses and lubricates the film emulsion so it can accept the developer.
Developer
Mixed with water, developer is available in both power and liquid concentrates. Common ingredients in developer include borax, hydroquinone, metol, sodium sulphite and water. The film processing canister is filled with developer and rhythmically agitated to convert silver salts to metallic silver on the exposed roll of film. After a prescribed amount of time (which varies depending on film type, chemical temperature and dilution), the developer is drained from the film canister and washed down a sink drain.
Stop Bath
An acid-based chemical, known as stop bath, is used to stop the chemical reactions of the developer. Made of citric acid or acetic acid, this chemical is very diluted.
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. Some photographers will forgo the use of stop bath and use clear, temperature-regulated water (which varies depending on film type) for this step in film development.Fixer
The next chemical used in the developing process is sodium thiosulfate or ammonium thiosulfate, which is more commonly known as fixer. Some varieties of fixer can be used for both film negative developing and print making. This chemical dissolves the unexposed portions of silver salts, leaving behind only the metallic silver.
Clearing Agent
Once the film has been developed, a chemical clearing agent removes the fixer and its byproducts. The clearing agent includes a mixture of water and sodium bisulfite, sodium citrate, sodium sulfite or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tetrasodium. This chemical can also be called a wetting agent, as it helps reduce the build-up of water spots on the film when it dries.
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