Friday, October 5, 2018

The Difference Between Film Speeds

The Difference Between Film Speeds

Film is light sensitive because of the silver halide crystals in its emulsion. The number and size of these crystals determines light sensitivity: how quickly the film will absorb light. The level of light sensitivity is called the film's speed or ISO. Slow film has many very small crystals. Fast film has larger less numerous crystals.

Slow Speed Film

    A tripod should be used with film speeds less than 200.
    A tripod should be used with film speeds less than 200.

    Slow speed film ranges from ISO 6 to 200. The fine grain of slow film can capture small details and create the sharpest images. However, because low ISO film is less light sensitive, it requires longer shutter speeds and wider apertures. Low ISO film tends to blur with even very slight motions, so it should always be used with a tripod. Slow film is best used in brightly lit outdoor situations but can be used indoors with a slow shutter speed and a wide aperture.

Medium Speed Film

    Medium speed film may or may not require a tripod.
    Medium speed film may or may not require a tripod.

    Medium speed film ranges from ISO 200 to 400. Medium speed film is the middle ground between crispness and light sensitivity. It's better at stopping motion than slow film, but it's grainier. It's better at capturing detail than fast film but is more prone to motion blur. Medium speed film requires a tripod in low light situations but may not need one in bright light situations. A medium ISO can stop motion if it is accompanied by a flash.

Fast Speed Film

    Fast speed film can stop motion without the use of a tripod.
    Fast speed film can stop motion without the use of a tripod.

    Fast film is any ISO more than 400. As of October 2009, the highest speed available is ISO 102,400 on the Canon EOS-1D Mark IV. Fast film can stop motion to create a clear action shot and is sensitive enough to capture a well lit image in a poorly lit environment. However, the larger silver halide crystals make pictures look grainy, and small details are lost. A fast ISO can be used in bright light if a narrow aperture and fast shutter speed are used.

Digital Film Speeds

    Many digital cameras allow you to set a different ISO for each picture.
    Many digital cameras allow you to set a different ISO for each picture.

    On digital cameras, the ISO has become a camera setting, like aperture and shutter speed, that can be changed for each picture. Since digital cameras don't use film, they don't have real ISOs. The ISO rating on a digital camera represents a light sensitivity measurement equivalent to film with the same rating. The latest digital cameras are capable of ISOs that far outstrip conventional film speeds. At first, these super fast ISOs were accompanied by something called digital noise, which caused random bands and specks of color to appear in places they didn't belong. Some camera companies are working on noise reduction technology that would eliminate this problem.


The Difference Between Film Speeds

Film is light sensitive because of the silver halide crystals in its emulsion. The number and size of these crystals determines light sensitivity: how quickly the film will absorb light. The level of light sensitivity is called the film's speed or ISO. Slow film has many very small crystals. Fast film has larger less numerous crystals.

Slow Speed Film

    A tripod should be used with film speeds less than 200.
    A tripod should be used with film speeds less than 200.

    Slow speed film ranges from ISO 6 to 200. The fine grain of slow film can capture small details and create the sharpest images. However, because low ISO film is less light sensitive, it requires longer shutter speeds and wider apertures. Low ISO film tends to blur with even very slight motions, so it should always be used with a tripod. Slow film is best used in brightly lit outdoor situations but can be used indoors with a slow shutter speed and a wide aperture.

Medium Speed Film

    Medium speed film may or may not require a tripod.
    Medium speed film may or may not require a tripod.

    Medium speed film ranges from ISO 200 to 400. Medium speed film is the middle ground between crispness and light sensitivity. It's better at stopping motion than slow film, but it's grainier. It's better at capturing detail than fast film but is more prone to motion blur. Medium speed film requires a tripod in low light situations but may not need one in bright light situations. A medium ISO can stop motion if it is accompanied by a flash.

Fast Speed Film

    Fast speed film can stop motion without the use of a tripod.
    Fast speed film can stop motion without the use of a tripod.

    Fast film is any ISO more than 400. As of October 2009, the highest speed available is ISO 102,400 on the Canon EOS-1D Mark IV. Fast film can stop motion to create a clear action shot and is sensitive enough to capture a well lit image in a poorly lit environment. However, the larger silver halide crystals make pictures look grainy, and small details are lost. A fast ISO can be used in bright light if a narrow aperture and fast shutter speed are used.

Digital Film Speeds

    Many digital cameras allow you to set a different ISO for each picture.
    Many digital cameras allow you to set a different ISO for each picture.

    On digital cameras, the ISO has become a camera setting, like aperture and shutter speed, that can be changed for each picture. Since digital cameras don't use film, they don't have real ISOs. The ISO rating on a digital camera represents a light sensitivity measurement equivalent to film with the same rating. The latest digital cameras are capable of ISOs that far outstrip conventional film speeds. At first, these super fast ISOs were accompanied by something called digital noise, which caused random bands and specks of color to appear in places they didn't belong. Some camera companies are working on noise reduction technology that would eliminate this problem.



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